Essay on The Poetry in Harlem Renaissance - 1981 Words

Many assume that Blues and Jazz were the only musical influences that impacted the Harlem Renaissance. Indeed, with the pursuit for heritage and identity, many aspects of African culture influenced Renaissance poetry musically. However, focus also needs to be placed on more controversial topics, such as religion and gender, as poets challenged oppression. When discussing the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance, due to the strength of their relationship, one must look at Blues and Jazz. Many viewed this genre as a voice for the black communities and as â€Å"the New Negro poets expressed a deep pride in being Black† (Smith, 1983, p. 37) it is easy to see how this influenced their poetry. The main theme of Blues were the troubles of life and†¦show more content†¦As a result, the speaker concludes that â€Å"to keep from cryin’/ I opens ma moth an’ laughs† (Ramazani, 1994, pp. 152-3), a juxtaposition of emotions that was common in the Blues genre as t his sense of fracturing was a common shared feeling to many of those in the Black communities, especially those who were forced to be happy simply for others, like children, despite the massive social and economic prejudices they faced. The half rhyme between â€Å"laugh† and â€Å"have† creates a sense of mocking, which many would have felt, especially with the popularity of both Blues and Jazz with the white communities, who couldn’t understand the pain it came from. Perhaps the most popular piece of Blues poetry that incorporates the technical devices of the genre is Hughes’ Weary Blues. The poem highlights how Jazz affected everyday life through its exaggerated musicality. This is created through internal rhymes, alliteration and consonance which creates a similar rhythm to a Blue song. The Blues influence can further be seen by the twelve bar stanzas and repeated use of rhyming couplets which create a musical atmosphere. Hughes often refers to music in his poetry and it seems to pose as a metaphor for feelings that can’t be spoken, and these disenfranchised feelings often dominated Blues songs. It showed where language failed, music could take over. We can see that Hughes used music to inspire a generation and give them aShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance Poetry1097 Words   |  4 PagesStarting around 1918, and progressing through the 1920s and 30s, a section of New York City called Harlem began to be the center of a group of talented African American artists, composers, poets, and dancers. This period of time, with all the literary works, music, art, and poetry coming out of the Black experience, was called the New Negro Renaissance, or the Harlem Renaissance. This was a time just after World War I when there was again hope hope that Whites and Blacks could coexist and appreciateRead MoreLangston Hughes : Jazz Poetry And Harlem Renaissance1212 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes Jazz Poetry and Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes was an African American poet who was born on 01 February 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents separated and later divorced during his childhood. Subsequently he was raised predominantly by his maternal grandmother. His grandparents were politically active and supporters of the abolition of slavery. They were activists in the movement for voting rights for African Americans. Through their active involvement in his upbringingRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Harlem Renaissance Poetry Essay596 Words   |  3 Pages (A Comparative Analysis of Harlem Renaissance Poetry) The great philosopher Plato once orated: â€Å"Every heart sings a song, incomplete, until another heart whispers back. PBS defines the the Harlem Renaissance a â€Å"Cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars.† Those who wish to sing alwaysRead MoreThe Theme of Double Consciousness in the Poetry of Harlem Renaissance614 Words   |  2 PagesThe theme of double consciousness pervades the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance. Reasons for expressing double-consciousness stem from historical, cultural, and psychological realities facing African-Americans realities that continue to define the sociocultural landscape in the United States. In Countee Cullens poem Heritage, the opening line is What is Africa to me? The narrator ponders what it means to be of African heritage , especially given the astounding number of generations separatingRead MoreEssay on The Poetry of Langston Hughes During the Harlem Renaissance1694 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction: The Harlem Renaissance The village of Harlem, New York was originally established by Dutch Governor Peter Stuyvesant in 1658. It was named after a Dutch city, â€Å"Nieuw Harlem. It sits on a 5.5 square mile area of Manhattan north of 96th Street. The 1830s saw the abandonment of Harlem due to the fact that the farmlands failed to produce. The economic recovery in Harlem began in 1837. It boasted prosperous, fashionable neighborhoods that offered a diverse, rich background providedRead MorePoetry of the Harlem Renaissance: A Cultural Experience Essay examples1001 Words   |  5 PagesPoetry has the power to teach people new things and change their perspectives on life. When authors realize the power of their poetry it is a revolutionary thing because they are then able to teach people through their poetry. In many poems the reader is able to get a sense of the culture that the author grew up in. This teaches people a lot about the past and about what people in the past had to face. When America was young nation slavery was a common thing. People were brought over from AfricaRead MoreExpression of the African American Experience Through Poetry During the Harlem Renaissance870 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry is something that affects everyone that reads it. If you find the kind that you like then you only tend to read that type, and sometimes that is all a person needs because that certain type of poetry is so connected to them. In the Harlem Renaissance era there were a lot of poets who brought African American voices into the mainstream of American society. This is the type of poetry that really touched people and pushed them to read more poetry like it. Langston Hughes, Lucille Clifton andRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance s Influence On People s Views On African American Lifestyles Through Poetry Essay2428 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Harlem Renaissance had a major influence on people’s views on African-Americans across the United States. The Harlem Renaissance created a new Black cultural identity through literature, music, theater, art, and politics. One of the leading voices was Langston Hughes, a writer whom wrote realistic portrayals, both suffering and victories of African-American lifestyles through poetry, short stories, novels, and plays. Through short, effective, and expressive words, Langston Hughes’s poetry promotedRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1209 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Harlem Renaissance represents the rebirth and flowering of African-American culture. Although the Harlem Renaissance was concentrated in the Harlem district of New York City, its legacy reverberated throughout the United States and even abroad, to regions with large numbers of former slaves or blacks needing to construct ethnic identities amid a dominant white culture. The primary means of cultural expression during the Harlem Renaissance were literature and poetry, although visual art, dramaRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary Renaissance

Thrasymachus Perspective on Human Nature Essay - 1298 Words

Thrasymachus Perspective on Human Nature Thrasymachus perspective of human nature is that we all seek to maximize power, profit and possessions. He gives the argument that morality is not an objective truth but rather a creation of the stronger (ruling) party to serve its own advantage. Therefore definitions of just and unjust, right and wrong, moral and immoral are all dependent upon the decree of the ruling party. Thrasymachus argues that acting morally, in accordance with the ruling party, benefits the ruling party, while acting immorally, injures the ruling party and benefits oneself. Thrasymachus perceives human nature as our ruthless drive toward superiority. He believes that unless we are foolish†¦show more content†¦2. My human nature drives me to maximize my power, profit and possessions. These, and only these, are what I take value in. 3. I am not in total power and I desire to be to maximize the three ps. 4. I have no qualms about injuring others, only in others injuring me. 5. Injuring those in power can make them lose power. If they lose power I could become superior to them. 6. Morality is defined by those with power. 7. Being moral benefits those in power; being immoral injures those in power. C. Living immorally is the way to gain power, and thus maximize my profit and possessions. Socrates contests Premises 1 and 2 of this argument. Socrates attacks the Premise 1 in stating that rulers are not active in acquiring the three ps, they are servants to the entirety of their jurisdiction. Socrates says, all authority†¦ considers what is best for nothing except its subjects, its wards. (Republic 345d) Socrates also attacks Premise 2, disagreeing that we value only possessions. Socrates favors knowledge, the approval of the gods, and a healthy soul (see the justification Socrates uses in not allowing his friends to bribe him from prison in Crito). Socrates says, morality is a good state and is knowledge, and an immoral person will be an enemy of the gods, Thrasymachus, and a moral person will be in their favour. Because the only attribute Thrasymachus gives human nature is the desire for power, profitShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Egoist: Whats the Problem in Plato’s The Republic, Socrates824 Words   |  3 Pagesof their statements. Socrates argues that there are many problems with their views on social philosophy, especially when it comes to Thrasymachus’ idea of ethical egoism. Plato delivers his view of justice through Socrates when he responds to Thrasymachus, Glaucon, and Cephalus on the issue. Throughout the discussion, Plato never argues against the egoism within humans, however he objects to the idea that the unjust man is better off then the just man; he believes that in order to reach eudaimoniaRead MoreEssay on Socrates vs Thrasymachus1653 Words   |  7 Pagesdisagreement between Socrates and Thrasymachus about the nature of justice. The disaccord between their views of the subject is extremely pronounced, but there are certain underlying agreements which guide the course of the debate. One way to evaluate the validity of the arguments involved is to examine whether the assumptions at the root of the argument are in accord with this common ground. By my reading of the dialogue, Socrates’ reply to the first part of Thrasymachus’ definition of justice restsRead MoreJustice Is The Interest Of The Stronger1453 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing the will of the people. Justice is in the interest of the stronger. This view, first articulated by the Ancient Greek Sophist Thrasymachus, is the subject of much debate in one of Plato’s works The Republic, found in a fictional dialogue between Thrasymachus and Socrates. In order to understand the nature of this statement it is essential to analyse the nature of justice, what is meant by â€Å"the stronger†, and the principles of Sophism his claim is based on. What is Justice? The concept ofRead MorePlato s Theory Of Human Nature1254 Words   |  6 Pagesoutstanding philosophers that not only has influenced through philosophical ideas but also question the ideas of human nature that are brought up within the natural human in life. Plato, was born in Classic Athens, 427 BC, he has elaborated upon various works including on discussing idealism and theories of forms presented. Plato is been recognized to make quite the allegories and metaphors to the human life. He also has demonstrated an important persistent to search for the truth. Within his dialogues heRead MoreJustice Is Nothing Other Than The Advantage Of The Traditional Definition Of Justice Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesbooks of the Republic, Thrasymachus, along with Glaucon and Adeimantus, proposes fascinating arguments against the definition of justice. According to Thraysmachus, Justice, by its nature, is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger. Despite Socrates’s strong disagre ement, many just and unjust incidents in Amazing Grace serve as great examples to support Thrasymachus’s view. In the following paragraphs, I am going to first summarize the arguments from Thrasymachus and Glaucon, and then analyzeRead MoreWhat Glaucon And The Rest Can Be Separated Into Three Classes1661 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates trusts he has sufficiently reacted to Thrasymachus and is through with the talk of equity, yet the others are not happy with the conclusion they have come to. Glaucon, one of Socrates young partners, clarifies what they might want him to do. Glaucon states that all products can be separated into three classes: things that we crave just for their outcomes, for example, physical preparing and medicinal treatment; things that we fancy just for their own purpose, for example, euphoria; andRead MorePlato s Influence On The Government Of His Time1204 Words   |  5 Pagesanti-political, then Plato was not anti-political. In fact, Plato was pro-polit ical in that he supported a form of elitism (or oligarchy). To understand how Plato thought of politics, one must understand elitism. Elitism is â€Å"the idea that a minority of human beings are in some way superior, as a group, to the majority† (Roberts Sutch 2004). Plato thought that the government should be split into two classes of people: the artisans (or businessmen) and the guardians. The guardians were then split up intoRead More The Republic - Book 1 - Theme Of Justice Essay2346 Words   |  10 Pages The subject matter of the â€Å"Republic† is the nature of justice and its relation to human existence. Book I of the â€Å"republic† contains a critical examination of the nature and virtue of justice. Socrates engages in a dialectic with Thrasymachus, Polemarchus, and Cephalus, a method which leads to the asking and answering of questions which directs to a logical refutation and thus leading to a convincing argument of the true nature of justice. And that is the main function of Book I, to clear the groundRea d MoreThe Republic - Book 1 - Theme of Justice2417 Words   |  10 PagesThe subject matter of the Republic is the nature of justice and its relation to human existence. Book I of the republic contains a critical examination of the nature and virtue of justice. Socrates engages in a dialectic with Thrasymachus, Polemarchus, and Cephalus, a method which leads to the asking and answering of questions which directs to a logical refutation and thus leading to a convincing argument of the true nature of justice. And that is the main function of Book I, to clear the groundRead MoreEssay Socrates and Thrasymachus in Republic2140 Words   |  9 PagesSocrates and Thrasymachus in Republic Socrates and Thrasymachus have a dialogue in Chapter 2 of Republic which progresses from a discussion of the definition of morality, to an understanding of the expertise of ruling, and eventually to a debate on the state of human nature. The Thrasymachian view of human nature has interesting implications in regards to Thomas Nagel’s ideal of egalitarianism, and Barbara Ehrenreich’s discontentment with the economic disparity in our democratic society.

Abstract. This Paper Will Discuss The Benefits And Drawbacks

Abstract This paper will discuss the benefits and drawbacks from the point of view that globalization made in the developing countries in the three important fields such as economic and trade processes, education and health systems and culture effects. It is consists of four paragraphs. In paragraph one, the benefits and detriment of globalization in the economic and trade processes field will be discussed. Then, in paragraph two, the impact of globalization on education and health systems in both sides will be shown. In the paragraph three, the positives and negatives of globalization on culture will be illustrated. Finally, paragraph four, will deal with conclusion and offer an opinion. Introduction Globalization is a process of†¦show more content†¦In the past, developing countries were not able to tap on the world economy due to trade barriers. They cannot share the same economic growth that developed countries had. However, with globalization the World Bank and International Management encourage developing countries to go through market reforms and radical changes through large loans. Many developing nations began to take steps to open their markets by removing tariffs and free up their economies. The developed countries were able to invest in the developing nations, creating job opportunities for the poor people. For example, rapid growth in India and China has caused world poverty to decrease (blogspot.com.2009). It is clear to see that globalization has made the relationships between developed countries and developing nations stronger, it made each country depend on another country. According to Thirlwall (2003:13) Developing countries depend on developed countri es for resource flows and technology, but developed countries depend heavily on developing countries for raw materials, food and oil, and as markets for industrial goods. One the most important advantages of globalization are goods andShow MoreRelatedFunding And Financial Impact On Medicaid Expansion1599 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Medicaid provides medical assistance to citizens in the United States who fall within the eligibility requirements. Medicaid has been enacted since 1965 and has faced many changes. One change most recently was the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and the attempt to require states to expand Medicaid coverage to include more citizens. However, Medicaid is a states’ right and therefore Congress decided to leave expansion up to each individual state. As some states decide to moveRead MoreCapital Structure Of A Company1285 Words   |  6 PagesI. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The Part-I of this paper analyzes the Treasury Manager and his various approaches towards the Capital Structure, by showing arguments for and against each theory. We discuss about four types of approaches that may be taken by the treasury manager while considering the Capital Structure of a Company. We have discussed Rolls Royce PLC’s capital structure strategy and analyzed the capital structure of the company over the past 10 years using an empirical case/researchRead MoreWireless Sensor Network : Mobile Sensor Networks1360 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Secure Efficient Data Transmission in Cluster Based Wireless Sensor Network† Anup Pawar Student, M. Tech (Software Engineering), NHCE, Bangalore, India Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network is a collection of homogeneous/heterogeneous wireless devices used to monitor the changes in the surrounding of the wireless device. Each wireless device present in the network has the capability of sensing the changes in the surrounding environment. Homogeneous sensors are those which have same computationalRead MoreFrieda’s Fizz Balanced Scorecard Analysis1153 Words   |  5 PagesBrenau University Abstract A balanced scorecard is a tool to provide management a way to bridge the gap between the organization’s strategy and vision and the operational processes used to do business. It enables the company to look at more than just the financial targets, but to include nonfinancial measures such as customer service, internal business processes and more. These intangible measures provide better focus on the organization’s long-term strategies. This paper is an attempt to analyzeRead MoreIs Confucius And Other Ancient Educators As A Representative Of Extensive And Profound Chinese Culture? 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However, major challenges in this area include checking consistency of UML models, and ensuring accuracy, maintainability, and efficiency of the generated code. In this paper we discuss a tool called UJECTOR,which is usedRead MoreOutsourcing : Outsourcing And Outsourcing1541 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract In the past few years, although outsourcing has been seen as a common method used to achieve a successful business, many literatures on Information System still believe that most of the software could be better off build in-house and this can also be supported with the fact that there are evidences of organisations that took a significant damage from outsourcing. Therefore, whether or not a company should outsource part of their projects, it all depends on how the organisation manages itsRead MoreQuestions On Electronic Health Records1710 Words   |  7 PagesAuthor information ââ€" º Copyright and License information ââ€" º Go to: Abstract Electronic health record (EHR) is increasingly being implemented in many developing countries. It is the need of the hour because it improves the quality of health care and is also cost-effective. Technologies can introduce some hazards hence safety of information in the system is a real challenge. Recent news of security breaches has put a question mark on this system. Despite its increased usefulness, and increasing enthusiasmRead MoreElementary Methods : Teaching Mathematics5785 Words   |  24 Pagesthinking about those concepts. In this unit, you will explore some effective instructional strategies and approaches to teaching students, way to get them to think mathematically, how to bridge the gap between concrete and abstract and incorporate technology to allow for more instructional time in the classroom. Course Objectives: By the end of this unit, learners will be able to explain the difference between doing math and thinking mathematically. By the end of this unit, learners will be able toRead MoreNew Growth And Reform Of China1699 Words   |  7 Pages New Growth and Reform of China Siyu Sun 1377625 University of Alberta Author Note This paper was prepared for Econ 211, Section A, taught by Professor Xu. Abstract Export was the main growth from 1994 in China, but China has new growth engines in recent years. In addition, China has made some reforms in social, politics and economics for a better development. Some people think China did a right decision

Essay on Three Recomendations for the Democratic Republic...

Three Recommendations for the DRC The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has undergone two recent wars in 1998 and 1999-2008 with Ugandan rebels and Uganda itself. In the wake of these wars, an estimated 6 million people lost their lives due to war-induced causes. Horrific human rights abuses such as systematic rape and murder have created a horrific humanitarian crisis in the DRC (The International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect website, n.d.). Currently, this violence is associated with conflict materials; in the area of the DRC, this is not related just to diamonds, but it is related to this and the mining of gold, copper, cobalt, gold, tantalum and tin. Neither the military nor the government appears to have concern†¦show more content†¦The final recommendation for the DRC is a focus on governmental corruption. Many times the different governmental organizations, municipalities and departments fail to follow the budget passed by the national legislature, instead using the money for the po liticians and bureaucrats own purposes. By increasing transparency within these ministries, strengthening financial reporting and cash management procedures, as well as auditing the results, the government could deal with the high level of corruption and instead spend the money on the citizens and their needs as was expected with the passage of the budgets. In doing so, the country’s poorest citizens will have access to social services designed to improve health, education and agriculture (Congo-Kinshasa: World Bank supports strong financial management in Democratic Republic of Congo, 2014). With financial integrity the funds can be utilized for the populations for which they were intended, not to line the pockets of the bureaucrats. Conclusion With reform the DRC’s government can offer transparency and auditing tools to ensure that the budgets that are passed are implemented and the monies go to the people for whom they were intended. This can ensure access to resources such as access to services intended to improve health outcomes, education and agriculture. Access to health care can

Discrimination in Virtual Organizations Free Essays

The International Labor Organization’s (ILO) Convention 111 (Employment and Occupation) prohibits â€Å"any distinction, exclusion or preference made on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction, or social origin, which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation†. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted to eliminate discriminations on the following protected classes: (1) Race , (2) Color, (3) Religion, (4) Sex, or (5) National Origin (Henry R. Cheeseman, 2004, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination in Virtual Organizations or any similar topic only for you Order Now 802). A firm like Riordan Manufacturing, which is a virtual organization with multiple locations in different countries, has to grapple with issues related to discrimination constantly. Henry R. Cheeseman (2004) explains the categories that constitute the various types of employment discrimination, Race refers to broad categories with common characteristics such as Black, Caucasian, Asian, and Native American. Color refers to the color of a person’s skin like light-skinned, dark-skinned, etc. National origin refers to the country of a person’s ancestors or cultural characteristics like Hispanic, Italian, etc (p. 803). In addition to these, discrimination is possible on the basis of gender (sex) and religion. Gender Discrimination Though the prohibition against sex discrimination is applicable to both men and women, a majority of the sex discrimination cases are brought by women (Henry R. Cheeseman, 2004, p. 805). Discrimination 2 Religious Discrimination Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits employment discrimination based on traditional religions, other religions that recognize a supreme being and religions based on ethical or spiritual tenets (Henry R. Cheeseman, 2004, p. 810). Riordan’s employee demographics reveal a healthy mix of race, color, origin, sex and religion. In such a demographic diversity, there is always a possibility of biased employee treatment. The different forms of discriminatory treatment are: 1. Disparate Treatment Discrimination: This occurs when a specific individual is subjected to discriminatory treatment based on his race, color, religion, sex or national origin. 2. Disparate Impact Discrimination: This occurs when the employer discriminates against an entire protected class. (Henry R. Cheeseman, 2004, p. 803) For a company operating out of multiple locations with diverse work cultures and societal practices, the occurrence of these two forms of discrimination cannot be ruled out. Riordan Manufacturing has prime work locations in the US and China. â€Å"Many racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including blacks, Hispanics, Asians, American Indians, and others, have historically faced severe discrimination- pervasive and open denial of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. economic opportunities† (Rebecca M. Blank, Constance Forbes Citro Discrimination 3 Marilyn Dabady, 2004, p. 1). In China, there has been an observation of marked gender discrimination, with women being disadvantaged quite often (Zhu Jingde, 2005, n. p). Discrimination based on national origin, race and color is also rife in China. Discriminatory practices in employment are not limited to a few countries. With multiple operation centers in all parts of the globe, Virtual Organizations need to be prepared to face issues of discrimination that might crop up. The role of a manager is critical in ensuring that there is no discrimination occurring inside the organization. His legal and ethical duties pertaining to discrimination start with personal abstinence from acts of harassment and biased behavior. The manager needs to follow a moral code of conduct and act ethically while promoting people since ‘merit’ can be offered as a defense to a charge of discrimination (Henry R. Cheeseman, 2004, p. 810). He has to ensure that there is no occurrence of disparate treatment in the team he is handling. He might come across instances of members of the staff indulging in verbal slurs against other members of a different race, religion, origin, sex or color. In such instances, he should abide by Business Ethics to safeguard the feelings and interests of a protected class. Over the years, there has been a dramatic rise in the number of lawsuits against discrimination on various grounds. Legal action can be detrimental to the reputation and growth of an organization. It is, therefore, the duty of a manager to prevent discriminatory acts to make sure that the company is not at the wrong end of the law. He has to ensure that the staff is aware of the laws against discrimination and instruct them to Discrimination 4 refrain from harassment of fellow workers on the basis of their race, color, sex, religion or origin. Cultural practices play a huge role in discriminatory issues. For example, in most of the countries in the Middle East, it is not a common practice to employ women. And in a few countries in Asia, religion is a major criterion for the recruitment of a candidate. Unlike a democratic set-up, where people have the right to speak-up against discrimination, these countries do not encourage legal action for discrimination. In such cases, Business Ethics play a crucial role in preventing acts of discrimination. Since a virtual organization does not operate out of a single location, it is but natural that its workforce is a mix of different races, colors, religions and origins. A company’s strength is its workforce and when it is diverse like in the case of a Virtual Organization like Riordan Manufacturing, it is all the more important to focus on treating employees equally. This would ensure a healthy work-environment. References Henry R. Cheeseman, Business Law: Legal, E-Commerce, Ethical and International Environments, Fifth Edition, 2004, Ch.41 Rebecca M. Blank, Constance Forbes Citro Marilyn Dabady, Measuring Racial Discrimination, 2004 Zhu Jingde (2005), The Discrimination against Women in Employment in Contemporary China, Retrieved June 7, 2007, from http://www.womenofchina.cn/research/papers/3026.jsp How to cite Discrimination in Virtual Organizations, Papers

Accounting Case Study BTG Plc - Click to Solution

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Case Study for BTG Plc. Answer: Introduction: The overall report mainly helps in evaluating the current financial strength of BTG Plc for past five years. In addition, the novice with the help of effective ratios is able to provide relevant information, which might help in depicting the accurate financial position of the company. Moreover, the overall implementation of profitability and liquidity ratio in the study mainly helps in evaluating the financial performance of BTG Plc. In addition, with the help of liquidity ratio the novice is able to depict the overall ability of BTG Plc to fulfil its short-term obligations. Ratio analysis of BTG Plc: Particulars 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 RATIOS Profitability Ratios Gross Profit Margin (3) 71.42% 71.25% 67.30% 68.81% 68.54% Operating Profit Margin 8.78% 9.67% 11.12% 7.67% 11.64% Return on capital Employed (ROCE) 3.26% 3.46% 3.89% 3.61% 5.91% Profit Margin ratio 7.41% 7.02% 8.36% 9.14% 13.52% Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio 2.990 3.611 1.665 1.796 2.380 Quick Ratio 2.340 2.817 0.933 1.077 1.588 Financial Gearing Debt ratio 0.197 0.201 0.255 0.275 0.262 Inventory turnover ratio 2.694 2.980 3.777 3.399 3.237 Asset turnover ratio 0.396 0.447 0.464 0.419 0.408 Investment Ratios Price/Earnings 74.11 114.51 116.21 75.39 39.97 Earnings Per Share (pence) 0.045 0.050 0.068 0.091 0.158 Earnings Per Share Growth 31.76% 11.99% 36.37% 33.50% 73.14% NAVPS 1.246 1.318 1.493 2.062 2.216 Retained Earnings (128,600,000) (108,400,000) (80,000,000) (40,600,000) 28,700,000 Outstanding Shares 325,900,000 326,900,000 355,200,000 367,900,000 382,600,000 Market Share price 332 574.5 795 688.5 632 Table 1: Depicting the ration for BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Morningstar.com 2016)) The overall table 1, mainly helps in evaluating the overall ratio, which could be used in depicting the financial position of the company. In addition, with the help of liquidity, profitability and financial ratio the overall financial stability of BTG Plc could be effectively evaluated. In this context, Lartey et al. (2013) stated that ratios mainly help investors to decode the financial statement of the companies and effectively make adequate investment decision. Moreover, BTG Company has not been paying any divided to its shareholders over the period of five year. In addition, the negatively retained earnings from 2012 have been declining from 2012 to 2016. Moreover, the current retained earnings of the company are at around 28,700,000, which might help the investors to make adequate investment decisions. Profitability ratio: Figure 1: Showing the profitability ratio of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Morningstar.com 2016)) With the help of profitability ratio, like gross profit margin, operating profit margin, return on capital employed, and profit margin ratio, the overall performance of the company could be effectively evaluated. In addition, figure 1 mainly helps in depicting the performance of the company from 2012 to 2016, which might help investors to make adequate investment decisions. In addition, the overall gross profit of the company mainly declined from 2012 to 2016, which mainly indicates the rising cost of revenue incurred by the company. Parsian and Koloukhi (2014) stated that gross profit margin investors are able to detect the efficiency of the companys management in which they are willing to invest. Moreover, return on capital employed of BTG Plc mainly increased from 2012 to 2016 indicating an efficient management system, which is focused in improving its profitability. In addition, the rising ROCE mainly helps in depicting the increasing capacity of the company to generate more income from the same capital. However, 2015, the capital employed of the company declined from previous year. In addition, in 2016 the ROCE of the company increased exponentially, which in turn might help investors to make adequate investment decisions. On the contrary, Fito et al. (2013) mentioned that ratios do not help the investors to make future prediction, which might in turn increase investment risk. In this context, Brou and Krueger (2016) further stated that ratios are not able to accommodate changing price rate due to inflation, which might be crucial to analyse actual increase in revenue of the company. In addition, with the help of figure 1, the overall operating profit margin increased from 2012 to 2013. Moreover, a steep decline in 2015 could be seen, which might be incurred due to decline in sudden revenue generation capacity of the company. However, stable growth in operating margin resumed in 2016 after decline in 2015. On the other hand, Bentley et al. (2013) criticises that some companies use unethical measure in inflating their financial statement, which helps in depicting an affect financial position to potential investors. In addition, comparison of ROCE and operating profit margin mainly helps in indicating the capital employed during 2015, was more or less adequate to generate the required operating profit for BTG Plc. Moreover, figure 1 also helps in evaluating the profit margin of BTG Plc, which has been relatively increasing from 2012 to 2016. In addition, the evaluations of net profit margin ratio mainly help investors to depict the overall percentage increase in profit acquired by the company. In addition, with the help of gross profit ratio and net profit ratio of BTG Plc, investors could derive its overall administrative expenses over the period. Lartey et al. (2013) mentioned that decrease in administrative expenses mainly help the company to retain more income, which could be used in future investment scope. On the other hand, Parsian and Shams (2014) criticises that reduction in administrative expenses might reduce capability of the company to advertise its products and attain higher sales figure, which might in turn help in obtaining sustainable growth. Moreover, the investors with the help of gross and profit margin ratio are able to determine the overall administrative expense conducte d by the company to support its revenue generation capacity. Liquidity Ratio: Figure 2: Showing the Liquidity ratio of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Morningstar.com 2016)) Figure 2, mainly helps in evaluating the overall liquidity ratio of BTG plc from 2012 to 2016. In addition, the overall current ratio of the company has been mainly close to 2.5, which depicts its inefficiency to utilise assigned assets and liabilities. However, during 2014 and 2015 the current ratio of the company was below 2 indicating a volatile state, which might have increased risk for the investors. However, currently in 2016 the current ratio of the company is around 2.38, which mainly states adequate financial stability. Fito et al. (2013) argued that due to the inappropriate assumption of current ratio investors are not able to detect the adequate financial condition of the company. Furthermore, the overall quick ratio of BTG Plc could also be evaluated from figure 2. In addition, during 2012 to 2013 the company quick assets mainly increased from 2.340 and 2.817. However, drastic decline in quick ratio of the company could be seen in 2014, which might negatively affect its capability to support short-term obligations. However, from 2015 the quick ratio of the company mainly increased indicating a higher current assets accumulation conducted by the company. Brou and Krueger (2016) stated that quick ratio allows investors to analyse ability of the company to pay its short-term obligations by not selling its long-term, assets. On the other hand, Bentley et al. (2013) criticises that decrease in current ration mainly indicates the inability of the company to support its endeavours with attained sales revenue. Financial Ratio: Figure 3: Showing the Financial ratio of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Morningstar.com 2016)) In addition, with the help of figure 3, the overall financial ratio of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 could be effectively evaluated. Moreover, the debt ration of the company has been increasing from 2012 to 2015 indicating a low financial stability of BTG Plc. However, the debt ratio of the company is less than 0.50, which mainly depicts a low risky stock for the investors. Lartey et al. (2013) argued that increased debt ratio mainly indicates a volatile stock, which might increase risk of the investors. Moreover, the inventory turnover ratio of the company is also increasing from 2012 to 2016, which mainly depicts the higher inventory blockage conducted by the company over the past fiscal year. On the other hand, Parsian and Shams (2014) criticises that increased inventory blockage mainly reduce vital working capital of the company, which in turn might also affect its productivity. In addition, the figure 3 mainly helps in evaluating the assets turn ratio of BTG Plc. Moreover, the rising asset turnover ratio of the company from 2012 to 2014 mainly helps in depicting the effective use of its assets. However, from 2014 to 2016 the overall asset turnover ratio of the company mainly declined, which indicates its inefficiency to manage its assets. However, the current asset turnover ratio of the company is 0.408, which might be used by the investors to make adequate investment decisions. Fito et al. (2013) argued that during an economic crisis the value generated from ratio loses its friction and might depict a wrong valuation for the company. Evaluating the critical reflection portrayed journalist for BTG Plc: BTG group has currently acquired Galil Medical for e consideration amount of $84.5 Million and 25.5 Million in future mile stone payments (Prnewswire.com 2016). Moreover, the acquisition of Galil has mainly helped the BTG group to increase its service quality. In addition, the Galil Medical has been a portrayed as the global leader in innovative cryoablation solution, which might help patients with their treatments (hl.co.uk 2016). Furthermore, the addition, of Galil in the BTG family has mainly helped the company to increase its overall efficiency and technology to support its future endeavours in satisfying their service users. Moreover, BTG plc could make effective treatment in areas such as bone, kidney, liver, lung, and prostate. Analysing the Corporate governance of BTG Plc: The overall corporate governance of BTG Plc mainly depicts the fundamental belief of the company to maintain successful operations. In addition, the company has specifically designed there corporate governance code as per the defined UK Corporate Governance Code. Moreover, the company also complies with the rules laid down by FRC (Financial Reporting Council), which might help in depicting an effective financial statement of the company (Btgplc.com 2016). In addition, the corporate governance of the company mainly includes sections, which might be used in describing the overall structure, responsibilities, and roles of the board. In addition, effectively displays high standard of ethical and professional practise in their operations. Moreover, the code of conduct implemented by the company mainly helps in reducing unethical measures to increase their revenues. In addition, the code of conduct mainly helps in depicting the principles, policies and procedures, which might help in maint aining the required level of authority in its operations. Depicting adequate investment opportunity by evaluating the asset value per share and current share price of BTG Plc: Figure 4: Showing the Earning per share of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Morningstar.com 2016) With the help of figure 4, the overall increase in Earnings per share of BTG Plc could be effectively evaluated. In addition, it could be seen in the above figure that EPS of the company mainly decreased in 2013 compared to 2012, indicating a lower income generated by the company during that fiscal year. In addition, the overall increase in EPS of BTG Plc could be seen from 20s13 to 2016, which mainly indicates the overall profits generated by the company for previous three fiscal year. Parsian and Shams (2014) stated that investors with the help of EPS valuation are able to determine the status of the company and how much return it could provide in a year. Figure 5: Showing the Share price of BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: uk.finance.yahoo.com 2016) Moreover, with the help of figure 5, the overall revenue generated from BTG plc shares in five-year horizon could be effectively evaluated. Moreover, the share price of the company started from as low as 320 in 2012 and reached 800 in 2015. This rapid growth in share price mainly indicates the higher trust of investors in the company. In addition, the overall NAVPS of BTG Plc as depicted in table 1, has been effectively rising from 2012 to 2016. Moreover, the rising NAVPS mainly indicates the investors interest in the overall shares of the company. However, the ideal NAVPS is mainly 1, which indicates the shares of the company is not at discounted rate. Thus, it could be conducted that NAVPS indicates that it is not the ideal time for investment and the investors might wait until the NAVPS comes closer to 1 or below to purchase BTG Plc stocks. Figure 6: Showing the investment strategy for BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016 (Source: Tradingview.com 2016) Based on the current price patters of BTG Plc short-term trade could be conducted by the investors, by buying the stock at current level with tight stopples of 552 and target of 796. This trading strategy mainly has 12.63% of risk and income opportunity of 25.90%., which might help investors to get a 50-50 risk to opportunity ratio from investment. Conclusion: The overall study mainly helps in depicting the current financial position o BTG Plc from 2012 to 2016. In addition, the novice with the help of ratio analysis has depicted the overall financial performs of BTG Plc during its five year tenure. In addition, with the help of NAPVS and EPS ratio the novice is able to detect adequate investment opportunity for investors. Moreover, the overall corporate governance implemented by BTG plc is effectively described in the assignment. Lastly, the novice with the help of effective evaluation is able to portray adequate investment opportunity, which might be used in improving overall return from investment in short-term period. Reference: Bentley, K.A., Omer, T.C. and Sharp, N.Y., 2013. Business strategy, financial reporting irregularities, and audit effort.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(2), pp.780-817. Brou, F.B. and Krueger, T.M., 2016. Continental and National Differences in the Financial Ratios of Investment Banking Companies: An Application of the Altman Z Model.Journal of Accounting and Finance,16(3), p.37. Btgplc.com. (2016).BTG plc | Press Releases. [online] Available at: https://www.btgplc.com/media/press-releases/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Fit, M.., Moya, S. and Orgaz, N., 2013. Considering the effects of operating lease capitalization on key financial ratios.Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting/Revista Espaola de Financiacin y Contabilidad,42(159), pp.341-369. hl.co.uk (2016).BTG plc (BTG) Ordinary 10p Share Price | BTG. [online] Available at: https://www.hl.co.uk/shares/shares-search-results/b/btg-plc-ordinary-10p [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Lartey, V.C., Antwi, S. and Boadi, E.K., 2013. The relationship between liquidity and profitability of listed banks in Ghana.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(3). Morningstar.com. (2016).BTG BTG PLC XLON:BTG Stock Quote Price News. [online] Available at: https://www.morningstar.com/stocks/XLON/BTG/quote.html [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Parsian, H. and Shams Koloukhi, A., 2014. A study on the effect of free cash flow and profitability current ratio on dividend payout ratio: evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange.Management Science Letters,4, pp.63-70. Prnewswire.com. (2016).Galil Medical Announces Agreement To Acquisition By BTG plc. [online] Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/galil-medical-announces-agreement-to-acquisition-by-btg-plc-300264295.html [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. Tradingview.com. (2016).TradingView: Free Stock Charts and Forex Charts Online.. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingview.com/ [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016]. uk.finance.yahoo.com (2016).BTG plc. [online] Available at: https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=BTG.L [Accessed 24 Aug. 2016].

Manage Organizational Change for Legitimate Power - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theManage Organizational Change for Legitimate Power. Answer: Organizational change is a process to modify and review the previous management structure and the process of business. However, the change of an organization includes competitive working environment, implementation of new technology, economic environment and demand of the consumers[1]. Apart from this government policy and the regulations are the part of organizational change. On the other hand, power refers to the organizational power that is the five bases of power and the political power. Power and the politics are the vital parts of the organizational changes; Positive power of the organization increases the productivity and allows the employees to take decision. Therefore, the positive workplace politics allows the employees to learn and to navigate the politics within an organization. This makes the employees more productive in an organization. Different national cultures accept the power in different ways as people from different cultures have different beliefs and the perspec tives. In Singapore and Australia, national culture leaves a big impact on the change in an organization. However, different dimensions of the Hofstedes culture also affect the organizational change[2]. This study deals with the effects of national culture on the acceptance and use of the power in the change management in an organization. Therefore, the critical analysis will be taken on the change management process in the context of the application power within an organization. Different types of powers are associated with the change program management. French and Raven have established five bases of power in the year 1959 that are associated with the change management program. However, in order to bring changes within an organization, such powers play an important role. One of the most important powers is the legitimate power among the five bases of power. This power highlights on the belief of an individual that each person has the formal right to show his or her demand. Therefore, they can expect from other people to be obedient and complaint[3]. This power allows the organization to execute the demand for a change in an organization. The reward is the second type of power among the four bases of power. This provides compensation to an individual based on his or her ability to work. Employee efficiency is required to bring organizational change. Hence, in order to make an employee efficient reward is a good process to encourage them in their work. Expert is another element of the five bases of power. This power focuses on the high level of skill of a person and huge knowledge[4]. However, to bring change in an organization efficient knowledge and skilled persons are required. The experts reserve the power of knowledge and give shape the change management process within an organization by utilizing their skill. On the other hand, perceived attractiveness of a person, right to respect other and worthiness highlight on the referent power. In order to carry out the change management worthiness and showing respect to other perspectives are necessary. The capability of a person to punish other due to the noncompliance with the legal requirement and the policies is associated with the coercive power. During the change management, process compliance with the organizational policy and government regulation is crucial to avoid the legal issue[5]. Apart from the above powers, there is an additional power is the informational power, which refers to the ability of a person to control the information process within a change management program. Application of the five bases of powers leaves both positive and negative effect on the organizational change. However, the legitimate power or the positional power allows a person to hold a position in the management of hierarchy based on his or her rank. This is a good practice to achieve the position legitimately and there is less favoritism[6]. Therefore, the expert power enables the people to think critically by using their knowledge and skill. This is important to solve any issue during the change management process. However, often the persons having more knowledge and skill focus on their own decision and do not allow others to participate in the decision-making during the implementation of the new change in an organization. This affects the change management process in an organization as communication gap occurs between the employees. Referent power enables a person to show respect to others and makes them trustworthiness. This power is beneficial for the change management by establishing a good relationship between the employees in an organization. However, a collaborative work is necessary for bringing change in an organization. Coercive power is the capacity of the individuals to punish someone due to noncompliance with the rules. This is effective to bring changes in an organization by maintaining all legal frameworks. However, it is often difficult for the organization to follow the changing rules of the government while implementing the new system in an organization. This affects the change management process[7]. Reward power is the most crucial way to motivate the employees in their work that insists them to accept the changes in an organization and to make themselves flexible with the new environment. The major drawback of this reward program is it often creates jealousy between the employees and discrimin ation. Hofstedes cultural dimension refers to a framework of the cross cultural communication process. However, the value of a society culture on its members is the basic element of such theory. Power distance index refers to the belief that allows the individuals to accept the equal distribution of the power. Therefore, individualism vs the collectivism index highlights on the integration of the people in a group within a society[8]. A tight integration and establishment of the good relationship is the main element of such dimensions. Uncertainty avoidance index is another component of this culture, which focuses on the tolerance level of the society for ambiguity. In this dimension, individuals avert an event, which is unexpected or totally new for them. Masculinity vs femininity is another dimension of this theory. In this dimension, the masculinity refers to a preferable position in a society. However, in a masculine society, the women are empathetic in nature but more than the men are. Long-term vs short-term orientation highlights on the connection between the past and the present. The country, which is short-term oriented is economically week while the long-term oriented country gets continuous development. Restraint vs indulgence index focuses on the fulfillment of the happiness. Indulgence is a society that allows the human being to exhibit their desires and to enjoy[9]. On the other hand, restraint refers to a society where the gratification is under control. Such cultural dimension reveals a difference between the cultural values. Therefore, the international cultures are differentiated by the application of such Hofstedes cultural dimension theory. National cultures or Hofstede culture influence the French and Raven's five bases of powers. According to the Hofstede cultural dimension, theory power is distributed equally and the people of society should accept such distribution[10]. On the other hand, legitimate power allows the person to get position according to their formal right. Hence, there is a clear account of the equal distribution of the power, which can be taken place during the change management. In the uncertainty avoidance index, there is the tolerance level of the society in the context of an unexpected event. However, if a culture scores high in this index this become less tolerant of the changes and minimizes the anxiety level. However, the reward power process is influenced by this dimension as the employees who have the high level of performance will minimize the anxiety level during the change in an organization. Expert power can be influenced by the masculinity vs femininity index of the Hofstede culture. Th e culture which scores low in this index shows less gender differences as a result, an expert can be chosen based on the skill rather than the gender within an organization[11]. Hofstedes culture influences the referent power as each culture has specific features. However, people belong from the different cultures having different attractivenesss, which are associated with the referent power. The referent power is associated with persons attractiveness and the worthiness hence, people from different cultures show different features based on their culture. Coercive power is influenced by indulgent vs restraint index of Hofstede culture. In this dimension cultures that provide value to restraint follow the strict social rules that lead the satisfaction of human to regulate or discouraged[12]. Coercive power focuses on the individuals ability to punish someone for the noncompliance with the rules and regulation. Hence, this particular feature of this cultural dimension influences this power during the change management process. Change depends on the culture of a specific country. Hence, in order to bring changes in an organization, it is crucial to give value t o the national cultures. Any changes in an organization should not be affected the culture of the organization as well as the employees. It is important to give value to the employee's culture while bringing changes in an organization. However, Hofstede's cultural dimension influences each power of the five bases of power based on the cultural communication. Singapore and Australia have the different ranking based on the Hofstede dimension. However, Singapore scores high in the power distance dimension that is 74. On the other hand, Australia scores low that is 36 in this index. As a high power distance culture, Singapore needs strong leadership in the change management that can be done through legitimate power. On the other hand, as a low power distance culture, Australia needs more autonomy and the personal responsibility in the change management[13]. On the other hand, Singapore scores 20 in the individualism dimension that highlights the issues regarding the maintenance of the independence of the members of the society. On the other hand, Australia scores 90 in this index that also focuses on the group interest rather than the individual interest. In the masculinity index, Singapore scores low that is 48, which refers femininity where quality life is the main indicator of the success. On the other hand, Australia, scores high that ar e 61, which highlights on the masculinity and it gives a clear indication of the competition, success and the achievement that is driven by the society[14]. Singapore has the low rank in the uncertainty of avoidance index. This highlights on the greater security of the job and high standardization level. Australia has a high score in this index that highlights on the low job security and much uncertainty. In the long-term vs short-term oriented index Singapore scores high that is 48, which is higher than Australia. However, low sore of Australia in this dimension reveals that long-term commitment may hamper the change in an organization[15]. While in the context of Singapore, long-term goal will be helpful for such countries to manage the change. Singapore and Australia both focus on the restraint process, which is associated with the coercive power. However, it is essential for the cultures of both countries to maintain the legal rules during the implementation of any change in the organization. However, the cultural dimensions of both countries are different from one another and possessing different scores in each dimension of the Hofstede culture. It has been found that legitimacy power is valuable in Singapore rather than Australia. On the other hand, reward power is more prefera ble to the Australian culture in comparison to the Singapore. Referent and expert power are valuable for both countries to manage the changes. The entire piece of work reveals the change management process in an organization. However, French and Raven's five bases of powers are associated with the change management process in an organization. It has been found that the different powers of the five bases of power have an impact on the change management process. In order to develop a better change management process, it is important to comply with the rules and regulation of the organization and the government by addressing coercive power. Legitimate power is helpful for the individuals to get position according to their right[16]. Expert power focuses on the knowledge distribution during the change management while referent power is associated with the worthiness. Reward powers play a great role to motivate the employees to accept the change. From this study, it has been received that national cultures or the Hofstedes dimensional theory influence the five bases of powers in relation to change management[17]. On the other ha nd, A comparison of the power-related Hofstede's culture in the context of Singapore and Australia also addressed. Based on the scores of different dimensions of Hofstede culture power bases are identified in Australia and Singapore. References Berlin, Cecilia, W. Patrick Neumann, Nancy Theberge, and Roland rtengren. "Power basetactics for workplace changean interview study with industrial engineers and ergonomists."Ergonomics60, no. 5 (2017): 613-627. Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd, Tatiana Kostova, and Kendall Roth. "An overview of Hofstede-inspired country-level culture research in international business since 2006."Journal of International Business Studies48, no. 1 (2017): 30-47. Block, Joern H., and Sascha G. Walter. "2. 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"A revision of Hofstedes individualism-collectivism dimension: A new national index from a 56-country study."Cross Cultural Strategic Management24, no. 3 (2017): 386-404. Mladenovi?, Svetlana Sokolov, Igor Mladenovi?, Milo Milovan?evi?, and Neboja Deni?. "Cross-cultural dimensions influence on business internationalization by soft computing technique."Computers in Human Behavior75 (2017): 865-869. Nacamulli, Raoul, Peter Sheldon, and Edoardo Ezio Della Torre. "Meta-Organizations and Upper Echelons: Exploring Strategic and Organizational Change in Employer Associations." (2017). Patrick, Harold Andrew. "The Impact of Power Bases and Ledership Strategies Adopted by Managers on Information Technology Employees."Ushus-Journal of Business Management9, no. 2 (2017): 1-18. Petrou, Paraskevas, Evangelia Demerouti, and Despoina Xanthopoulou. 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